Attendees of the recent New Attitude conference voted on some tough Bible questions, and NA just published Justin Taylor’s answer to this one: “How Could God Command Genocide?“
Systematic Theology
Bruce Little on the Problem of Evil
Matt Capps interviews Bruce Little (CV) on the problem of evil.
Here are a few examples of where I’d raise questions:
- BAL: These are not things God planned or caused, they are, in light of Genesis 3, the result of man’s disobedience in the Garden.
ADN: Is this a false disjunction? Doesn’t Scripture affirm both? - BAL: I am not saying that we may not learn valuable lessons in our suffering, but that does not mean that is why the suffering came to us. God may bless, but if He does, it is in spite of the suffering, not because of the suffering.
ADN: Does this square with Jesus’ suffering on the cross? - BAL: We must ask the question: if God allows evil to bring about a good, is that good a necessary good? If it is a necessary good, then the evil that brings it is necessary and the only way it could be necessary is if God planned it. This makes God responsible for evil, something I think is clearly contrary to scripture because God is light and in Him is no darkness at all. If on the other hand the good is not necessary then we are back to asking the question why the evil?
ADN: Is this trying to relieve logical tension by over-qualifying or denying what Scripture says about God’s sovereignty? (See 3.6 here.)
The Logical and Emotional Problems of Evil
cross-posted at Justin Taylor’s blog
This summer my church, CrossWay Community Church in Kenosha, Wisconsin, has hosted a “Difficult Issues Series” on Wednesday nights, and last night I addressed this topic: “How Could a Good God Allow Suffering and Evil? A Biblical Approach to the Logical and Emotional Problems of Evil” (MP3s Part 1 & Part 2 | Handout PDF). I am especially indebted to Drs. Carson, Feinberg, Frame, and Piper. Here’s the outline:
1. Introduction
- What is evil?
- What are some examples of evil that are (almost) universally outrageous?
- What is the problem of evil?
- Why must Christians address the logical and emotional problems of evil?
- What are some challenges to solving the logical and emotional problems of evil?
2. What are some unbiblical/inadequate solutions to the logical-intellectual-philosophical problem of evil?
- Evil is not real.
- God is not all-powerful.
- This is the best possible world, and evil is necessary for its perfection.
- Evil is a result of peoples’ free will, so God is not accountable for evil.
- Evil is necessary for people to mature (i.e., build character).
- God is the indirect (not direct) cause of evil, so He is not accountable for evil.
- God is above the law, so He can do what seems evil to other people.
- Non-Christians have no right to question whether God is both all-powerful and all-good.
3. What does a biblical approach to the logical-intellectual-philosophical problem of evil include?
- Bad things do not happen to good people; good and bad things happen to bad people.
- The problem of evil is an argument for God, not against Him.
- God is not obligated to explain the problem of evil to anyone.
- God (not our sense of justice) is the standard for what He does.
- God ordains and causes evil, but He cannot be blamed for it.
- The logical problem of evil (including providence) involves mystery, requiring that Christians maintain doctrinal tensions in biblical proportion.
- God uses evil for a greater good.
- There was no problem of evil before the fall, nor will there be one in the eternal state.
- God uses natural evil to illustrate how bad moral evil really is, and the right response is repentance.
- The most significant problem of evil is the cross.
4. What does a biblical approach to the emotional-religious-existential problem of evil include?
- People who are suffering typically are wrestling primarily with the emotional problem of evil (not the logical one).
- Understand how people initially react to suffering.
- You shouldn’t say certain things to people who are suffering.
- You should do certain things to people who are suffering.
5. Conclusion
6. Recommended Resources
- Books [23 resources]
- MP3s [8 resources]
The handout includes a more detailed outline, and the recommended resources section asterisks the most highly recommended resources, hyperlinks to every author and resource, and ranks the level of difficulty of each resource.
Updates:
- The address is condensed as a simple four-page essay for CrossWay Community Church’s Exploring Christianity outreach.
- Reformation 21 reprinted this article in June 2009.
- Related: “Do We Have a Free Will?” (which Reformation 21 reprinted in August 2009)
- Two addresses at a conference on April 9, 2010: “The Logical Problem of Evil” | “The Emotional Problem of Evil”
- Interview with John Frame on the Problem of Evil
Response to Carson’s Review of “Rescuing the Bible”
A couple weeks ago I noted this: “The latest batch of RBL reviews includes D. A. Carson’s review of Roland Boer’s Rescuing the Bible. The analysis and conclusion are refreshingly blunt.”
Roland Boer just responded to DAC’s review on his blog. His response is telling and sad. It is filled with incorrect assumptions about DAC and reveals his misunderstanding of what he lumps together as “the religious right,” which is “extreme.” This is a common tendency I’ve noticed in people (including ones at BJU and TEDS): people generally present themselves as the sensible mediating position between two self-constructed or self-perceived “extremes.”
Carson Reviews “Rescuing the Bible”
The latest batch of RBL reviews includes D. A. Carson’s review of Roland Boer’s Rescuing the Bible. The analysis and conclusion are refreshingly blunt:
This book, a fascinating mix of dogmatic left-wing self-righteousness combined with rich and scathing condescension toward all who are even a tad less left than the author, is rich in unintended irony. Boer cannot see how implausible his arguments become. While nominally allowing “religious” people to believe in the supernatural so long as they support his left-wing agenda and join forces with him in a “worldly” secularism, what he says about the Bible and about biblical scholarship is so blatantly committed to philosophical naturalism and historical minimalism that even the most mild supernaturalism is ridiculed: no allowance can be made for divine revelation, anyone who thinks Moses existed is not really a scholar, biblical studies can be called “scientific” only if the scholars themselves do not preach, and so forth. Boer consistently damns everyone on the right by ridiculing the obvious targets, but probably he would not appreciate it if a counterpart on the right ridiculed those on the left by skewering Joseph Stalin and Pol Pot. It turns out that Boer wants to “rescue” the Bible not only from what people on the right say that it means but from what the Bible itself says, for whenever the Bible, in all its multivalence, disagrees with Boer’s vision of the summum bonum, it is to be undermined, set aside, and mocked—not even wrestled with. Readers are repeatedly told that those nasty right-wingers have “stolen” the Bible. Boer never considers the possibility that quite a few left-wingers have simply abandoned the Bible, leaving the terrain open for those who at least take it seriously. What will satisfy Boer, it seems, is not the liberation of the Bible but the liberation of the Bible from any agenda he considers right-wing, so that it can be locked in servitude to a left-wing agenda. Boer’s dismissive arguments to prove the Bible is hopelessly multivalent—a commonplace among many modern and postmodern readers today—is spectacularly unconvincing because he does not interact with any serious literature (and there is two thousand years’ worth of such literature) that argues, with various degrees of success, how the Bible does hang together. But perhaps this is not too surprising from an author who cherishes chaos precisely because chaos undermines God’s authority—and all authority save Boer’s must be overthrown. I think that many biblical writers would call that choice idolatry. At the end of the day, Boer is trying to rescue the Bible from God.
Mark Dever Defends His Practice of Separation
Mark Dever just posted this short article on the 9Marks blog: “Mark Dever doesn’t practice separation”?
He concludes:
To sum it up, I want my separation from the world to be more pronounced than my separation from other Christians. Does this make sense?
D. A. Carson: “The Wrath of God”
Baker just published a collection of essays by theological heavyweights:
McCormack, Bruce L., ed. Engaging the Doctrine of God: Contemporary Protestant Perspectives. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2008.
Here are the contributors (corresponding to their chapter number):
- David F. Wright
- N. T. Wright
- D. A. Carson
- Paul Helm
- Oliver D. Crisp
- John Webster
- Henri A. Blocher
- Pierre Berthoud
- Stephen N. Williams
- Bruce L. McCormack
- Donald Macleod
Check out the Table of Contents in this ten-page PDF of the front matter and preface.
D. A. Carson’s essay “The Wrath of God” (pp. 37–63) is a must-read. Here’s just the skeleton of his argument:
“Can a Christian be a Religious Pluralist?”
This evening I live-blogged an event for the Henry Center, reporting what happened at the following debate: “Can a Christian be a Religious Pluralist?” A Debate Between Harold Netland and Paul Knitter. (My respect for super-live-bloggers like Tim Challies rose a bit!)